Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Atopic Dermatitis–like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100436

Figure Lengend Snippet: Strain-dependent ear swelling responses of clinical isolates upon topical application. ( a ) Experimental protocol: nonclinical S. aureus strains Mu3 and Mu50, AD patient–derived S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains (AD1–AD4), and TSB as a control vehicle were topically applied to the ears of C57BL/6 mice on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Clinical skin inflammation was assessed by measuring ear thickness. ( b ) Ear swelling over time: mean ear thickness (μm) from day 0 (denoted as D0) to day 9 (denoted as D9) for each treatment group (n = 6–8 mice per group). ( c ) Cumulative ear swelling: individual values and group mean ± SEM for the AUC of ear thickness measurements from D0 to D9 (n = 6–8 mice per group). Statistical analysis: 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ∗ P < .05, ∗∗ P < .01, and ∗∗∗ P < .001. Symbols indicate statistical significance compared with the following groups: § vehicle, $ S. aureus Mu3, + S. aureus Mu50, @ S. aureus AD3, ∗ S. epidermidis AD3, and ° S. epidermidis AD4. AUC, area under the curve; TSB, tryptic soy broth.

Article Snippet: Two nonclinical reference strains— S. aureus Mu3 (ATCC 700698) and S. aureus Mu50 (ATCC 700699)—were included in the study.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Control

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Atopic Dermatitis–like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100436

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological analysis of mouse ear skin after treatment with bacterial strains. ( a ) Representative images: H&E-stained sections of mouse ear skin collected on day 9 after treatment with S. aureus (Mu3, Mu50, AD1–AD4), S. epidermidis (AD-derived strains), or TSB. Bar = 50 μm. ( b ) Epidermal thickness: mean epidermal thickness (μm) ± SEM from H&E-stained sections (n = 6–8 mice per group). ( c ) Dermal cellular infiltration: mean dermal cell infiltration ± SEM from the same histological images (n = 5–8 mice per group). Statistical analysis: Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. ∗ P < .05, ∗∗ P < .01, and ∗∗∗ P < .001. Symbols indicate statistical significance compared with the following groups: § vehicle, $ S. aureus Mu3, + S. aureus Mu50, @ S. aureus AD3, ∗ S. epidermidis AD3, and ° S. epidermidis AD4. AD, atopic dermatitis; TSB, tryptic soy broth.

Article Snippet: Two nonclinical reference strains— S. aureus Mu3 (ATCC 700698) and S. aureus Mu50 (ATCC 700699)—were included in the study.

Techniques: Staining, Derivative Assay

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Atopic Dermatitis–like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100436

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of virulence genes across S. aureus strains. Virulence gene content of 6 S. aureus strains (Mu3, Mu50, AD1, AD2, AD3, and AD4) was analyzed by microarray and grouped by functional categories. Bars represent the number of genes identified within each category per strain. Categories include adhesion factors, staphylococcal superantigen/enterotoxin-like genes, HLG and leukocidins, enterotoxins, proteases, capsule- and biofilm-associated genes, hemolysins, HLb-converting phages, defensin resistance, toxic shock toxin, ACME locus, and other factors. The plot illustrates variation in virulence gene repertoire between strains, with adhesion factors and enterotoxin-like genes showing the highest representation. ACME, arginine catabolic mobile element; HLG, hemolysin .

Article Snippet: Two nonclinical reference strains— S. aureus Mu3 (ATCC 700698) and S. aureus Mu50 (ATCC 700699)—were included in the study.

Techniques: Microarray, Functional Assay

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Atopic Dermatitis–like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100436

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative genomic presence of virulence- and regulation-associated gene families in S. aureus Strains. Heatmaps depict the distribution of gene families associated with ( a ) regulation, ( b ) superantigen-like proteins, ( c ) adhesion, ( d ) biofilm formation, ( e ) leukocidins, ( f ) unconventional virulence factors, and ( g ) proteases across 7 S. aureus strains (MRSA USA300, Mu3, Mu50, AD1, AD2, AD3, and AD 4). Each cell represents the status of a gene in a given strain: presence (yellow), absence (purple), or ambiguous (gray). MRSA, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus .

Article Snippet: Two nonclinical reference strains— S. aureus Mu3 (ATCC 700698) and S. aureus Mu50 (ATCC 700699)—were included in the study.

Techniques:

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Atopic Dermatitis–like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100436

Figure Lengend Snippet: Strain-dependent ear swelling responses of clinical isolates upon topical application. ( a ) Experimental protocol: nonclinical S. aureus strains Mu3 and Mu50, AD patient–derived S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains (AD1–AD4), and TSB as a control vehicle were topically applied to the ears of C57BL/6 mice on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Clinical skin inflammation was assessed by measuring ear thickness. ( b ) Ear swelling over time: mean ear thickness (μm) from day 0 (denoted as D0) to day 9 (denoted as D9) for each treatment group (n = 6–8 mice per group). ( c ) Cumulative ear swelling: individual values and group mean ± SEM for the AUC of ear thickness measurements from D0 to D9 (n = 6–8 mice per group). Statistical analysis: 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ∗ P < .05, ∗∗ P < .01, and ∗∗∗ P < .001. Symbols indicate statistical significance compared with the following groups: § vehicle, $ S. aureus Mu3, + S. aureus Mu50, @ S. aureus AD3, ∗ S. epidermidis AD3, and ° S. epidermidis AD4. AUC, area under the curve; TSB, tryptic soy broth.

Article Snippet: We also included S. aureus strains Mu3 (ATCC 700698) and Mu50 (ATCC 700699), which are genetically similar to strain AD04.E17, which has recently been shown to induce an AD-like immunologic response ( ; ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Control

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Atopic Dermatitis–like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100436

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological analysis of mouse ear skin after treatment with bacterial strains. ( a ) Representative images: H&E-stained sections of mouse ear skin collected on day 9 after treatment with S. aureus (Mu3, Mu50, AD1–AD4), S. epidermidis (AD-derived strains), or TSB. Bar = 50 μm. ( b ) Epidermal thickness: mean epidermal thickness (μm) ± SEM from H&E-stained sections (n = 6–8 mice per group). ( c ) Dermal cellular infiltration: mean dermal cell infiltration ± SEM from the same histological images (n = 5–8 mice per group). Statistical analysis: Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. ∗ P < .05, ∗∗ P < .01, and ∗∗∗ P < .001. Symbols indicate statistical significance compared with the following groups: § vehicle, $ S. aureus Mu3, + S. aureus Mu50, @ S. aureus AD3, ∗ S. epidermidis AD3, and ° S. epidermidis AD4. AD, atopic dermatitis; TSB, tryptic soy broth.

Article Snippet: We also included S. aureus strains Mu3 (ATCC 700698) and Mu50 (ATCC 700699), which are genetically similar to strain AD04.E17, which has recently been shown to induce an AD-like immunologic response ( ; ).

Techniques: Staining, Derivative Assay

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Atopic Dermatitis–like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100436

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of virulence genes across S. aureus strains. Virulence gene content of 6 S. aureus strains (Mu3, Mu50, AD1, AD2, AD3, and AD4) was analyzed by microarray and grouped by functional categories. Bars represent the number of genes identified within each category per strain. Categories include adhesion factors, staphylococcal superantigen/enterotoxin-like genes, HLG and leukocidins, enterotoxins, proteases, capsule- and biofilm-associated genes, hemolysins, HLb-converting phages, defensin resistance, toxic shock toxin, ACME locus, and other factors. The plot illustrates variation in virulence gene repertoire between strains, with adhesion factors and enterotoxin-like genes showing the highest representation. ACME, arginine catabolic mobile element; HLG, hemolysin .

Article Snippet: We also included S. aureus strains Mu3 (ATCC 700698) and Mu50 (ATCC 700699), which are genetically similar to strain AD04.E17, which has recently been shown to induce an AD-like immunologic response ( ; ).

Techniques: Microarray, Functional Assay

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Atopic Dermatitis–like mouse model using early inoculation of patient-derived S. aureus together with MC903

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100436

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative genomic presence of virulence- and regulation-associated gene families in S. aureus Strains. Heatmaps depict the distribution of gene families associated with ( a ) regulation, ( b ) superantigen-like proteins, ( c ) adhesion, ( d ) biofilm formation, ( e ) leukocidins, ( f ) unconventional virulence factors, and ( g ) proteases across 7 S. aureus strains (MRSA USA300, Mu3, Mu50, AD1, AD2, AD3, and AD 4). Each cell represents the status of a gene in a given strain: presence (yellow), absence (purple), or ambiguous (gray). MRSA, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus .

Article Snippet: We also included S. aureus strains Mu3 (ATCC 700698) and Mu50 (ATCC 700699), which are genetically similar to strain AD04.E17, which has recently been shown to induce an AD-like immunologic response ( ; ).

Techniques: